12306數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)表如何設(shè)計(jì)

12306是中國(guó)鐵路客戶服務(wù)中心的官方網(wǎng)站,負(fù)責(zé)火車票的在線預(yù)訂。在設(shè)計(jì)類似的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)表時(shí),需要考慮數(shù)據(jù)的完整性、安全性和查詢效率。以下是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)化的12306數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)表設(shè)計(jì)...
12306是中國(guó)鐵路客戶服務(wù)中心的官方網(wǎng)站,負(fù)責(zé)火車票的在線預(yù)訂。在設(shè)計(jì)類似的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)表時(shí),需要考慮數(shù)據(jù)的完整性、安全性和查詢效率。以下是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)化的12306數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)表設(shè)計(jì)示例:
1. 用戶表(Users)
```sql
CREATE TABLE Users (
UserID INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
Username VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,
Password VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,
Email VARCHAR(100),
Mobile VARCHAR(20),
CreatedAt TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
);
```
2. 車次表(Trains)
```sql
CREATE TABLE Trains (
TrainID INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
TrainNumber VARCHAR(10) NOT NULL,
TrainName VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,
StartStation VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,
EndStation VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,
StartTime DATETIME NOT NULL,
EndTime DATETIME NOT NULL,
CreatedAt TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
);
```
3. 站點(diǎn)表(Stations)
```sql
CREATE TABLE Stations (
StationID INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
StationName VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,
StationCode VARCHAR(10) NOT NULL,
City VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,
CreatedAt TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
);
```
4. 車次站點(diǎn)表(TrainStations)
```sql
CREATE TABLE TrainStations (
TrainStationID INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
TrainID INT NOT NULL,
StationID INT NOT NULL,
ArriveTime DATETIME NOT NULL,
DepartTime DATETIME NOT NULL,
SeatType VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,
FOREIGN KEY (TrainID) REFERENCES Trains(TrainID),
FOREIGN KEY (StationID) REFERENCES Stations(StationID)
);
```
5. 車票表(Tickets)
```sql
CREATE TABLE Tickets (
TicketID INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
UserID INT NOT NULL,
TrainStationID INT NOT NULL,
SeatType VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,
TicketPrice DECIMAL(10, 2) NOT NULL,
BookingTime TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
DepartureTime DATETIME NOT NULL,
SeatNumber VARCHAR(10) NOT NULL,
FOREIGN KEY (UserID) REFERENCES Users(UserID),
FOREIGN KEY (TrainStationID) REFERENCES TrainStations(TrainStationID)
);
```
6. 訂單表(Orders)
```sql
CREATE TABLE Orders (
OrderID INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
UserID INT NOT NULL,
TicketID INT NOT NULL,
PaymentMethod VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,
PaymentStatus VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,
CreatedAt TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
FOREIGN KEY (UserID) REFERENCES Users(UserID),
FOREIGN KEY (TicketID) REFERENCES Tickets(TicketID)
);
```
注意事項(xiàng):
主鍵(Primary Key):每個(gè)表都有一個(gè)主鍵,用于唯一標(biāo)識(shí)每一行數(shù)據(jù)。
外鍵(Foreign Key):用于關(guān)聯(lián)不同表之間的關(guān)系,例如,`Tickets` 表中的 `UserID` 和 `TrainStationID` 分別引用 `Users` 和 `TrainStations` 表的主鍵。
索引(Index):根據(jù)查詢需求,可以為某些字段添加索引以提高查詢效率。
這只是一個(gè)基本的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)表設(shè)計(jì)示例,實(shí)際應(yīng)用中可能需要根據(jù)具體需求進(jìn)行調(diào)整和擴(kuò)展。
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